* ====================================================
* Copyright (C) 1993 by Sun Microsystems, Inc. All rights reserved.
*
* Developed at SunSoft, a Sun Microsystems, Inc. business.
* Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this
* software is freely granted, provided that this notice
* is preserved.
* ====================================================
*/
* Method :
* Since asin(x) = x + x^3/6 + x^5*3/40 + x^7*15/336 + ...
* we approximate asin(x) on [0,0.5] by
* asin(x) = x + x*x^2*R(x^2)
* where
* R(x^2) is a rational approximation of (asin(x)-x)/x^3
* and its remez error is bounded by
* |(asin(x)-x)/x^3 - R(x^2)| < 2^(-58.75)
*
* For x in [0.5,1]
* asin(x) = pi/2-2*asin(sqrt((1-x)/2))
* Let y = (1-x), z = y/2, s := sqrt(z), and pio2_hi+pio2_lo=pi/2;
* then for x>0.98
* asin(x) = pi/2 - 2*(s+s*z*R(z))
* = pio2_hi - (2*(s+s*z*R(z)) - pio2_lo)
* For x<=0.98, let pio4_hi = pio2_hi/2, then
* f = hi part of s;
* c = sqrt(z) - f = (z-f*f)/(s+f) ...f+c=sqrt(z)
* and
* asin(x) = pi/2 - 2*(s+s*z*R(z))
* = pio4_hi+(pio4-2s)-(2s*z*R(z)-pio2_lo)
* = pio4_hi+(pio4-2f)-(2s*z*R(z)-(pio2_lo+2c))
*
* Special cases:
* if x is NaN, return x itself;
* if |x|>1, return NaN with invalid signal.
*
*/
#include "libm.h"
static const double
pio2_hi = 1.57079632679489655800e+00,
pio2_lo = 6.12323399573676603587e-17,
pS0 = 1.66666666666666657415e-01,
pS1 = -3.25565818622400915405e-01,
pS2 = 2.01212532134862925881e-01,
pS3 = -4.00555345006794114027e-02,
pS4 = 7.91534994289814532176e-04,
pS5 = 3.47933107596021167570e-05,
qS1 = -2.40339491173441421878e+00,
qS2 = 2.02094576023350569471e+00,
qS3 = -6.88283971605453293030e-01,
qS4 = 7.70381505559019352791e-02;
static double R(double z)
{
double_t p, q;
p = z*(pS0+z*(pS1+z*(pS2+z*(pS3+z*(pS4+z*pS5)))));
q = 1.0+z*(qS1+z*(qS2+z*(qS3+z*qS4)));
return p/q;
}
double asin(double x)
{
double z,r,s;
uint32_t hx,ix;
GET_HIGH_WORD(hx, x);
ix = hx & 0x7fffffff;
if (ix >= 0x3ff00000) {
uint32_t lx;
GET_LOW_WORD(lx, x);
if ((ix-0x3ff00000 | lx) == 0)
return x*pio2_hi + 0x1p-120f;
return 0/(x-x);
}
if (ix < 0x3fe00000) {
if (ix < 0x3e500000 && ix >= 0x00100000)
return x;
return x + x*R(x*x);
}
z = (1 - fabs(x))*0.5;
s = sqrt(z);
r = R(z);
if (ix >= 0x3fef3333) {
x = pio2_hi-(2*(s+s*r)-pio2_lo);
} else {
double f,c;
f = s;
SET_LOW_WORD(f,0);
c = (z-f*f)/(s+f);
x = 0.5*pio2_hi - (2*s*r - (pio2_lo-2*c) - (0.5*pio2_hi-2*f));
}
if (hx >> 31)
return -x;
return x;
}
