* Copyright (c) 1989, 1993
* The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
*
* This code is derived from software contributed to Berkeley by
* Mike Muuss.
*
* Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
* modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
* are met:
* 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
* notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
* 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
* notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
* documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
* 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
* must display the following acknowledgement:
* This product includes software developed by the University of
* California, Berkeley and its contributors.
* 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
* may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
* without specific prior written permission.
*
* THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
* ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
* IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
* ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
* FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
* DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
* OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
* HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
* LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
* OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
* SUCH DAMAGE.
*/
* P I N G . C
*
* Using the InterNet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) "ECHO" facility,
* measure round-trip-delays and packet loss across network paths.
*
* Author -
* Mike Muuss
* U. S. Army Ballistic Research Laboratory
* December, 1983
*
* Status -
* Public Domain. Distribution Unlimited.
* Bugs -
* More statistics could always be gathered.
* This program has to run SUID to ROOT to access the ICMP socket.
*/
#include <OS.h>
#include <sys/param.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <sys/time.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include "netinet/ip.h"
#include "netinet/ip_icmp.h"
#include <netinet/ip_var.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <netdb.h>
#include <signal.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <ctype.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <sys/select.h>
#define DEFDATALEN (64 - 8) /* default data length */
#define MAXIPLEN 60
#define MAXICMPLEN 76
#define MAXPAYLOAD (IP_MAXPACKET - MAXIPLEN - 8) /* max ICMP payload size */
#define MAXWAIT_DEFAULT 10 /* secs to wait for response */
#define NROUTES 9 /* number of record route slots */
#define A(bit) rcvd_tbl[(bit)>>3] /* identify byte in array */
#define B(bit) (1 << ((bit) & 0x07)) /* identify bit in byte */
#define SET(bit) (A(bit) |= B(bit))
#define CLR(bit) (A(bit) &= (~B(bit)))
#define TST(bit) (A(bit) & B(bit))
int options;
#define F_FLOOD 0x001
#define F_INTERVAL 0x002
#define F_NUMERIC 0x004
#define F_PINGFILLED 0x008
#define F_QUIET 0x010
#define F_RROUTE 0x020
#define F_SO_DEBUG 0x040
#define F_SO_DONTROUTE 0x080
#define F_VERBOSE 0x100
#define F_SADDR 0x200
#define F_HDRINCL 0x400
#define F_TTL 0x800
int moptions;
#define MULTICAST_NOLOOP 0x001
#define MULTICAST_TTL 0x002
#define MULTICAST_IF 0x004
* MAX_DUP_CHK is the number of bits in received table, i.e. the maximum
* number of received sequence numbers we can keep track of. Change 128
* to 8192 for complete accuracy...
*/
#define MAX_DUP_CHK (8 * 128)
int mx_dup_ck = MAX_DUP_CHK;
char rcvd_tbl[MAX_DUP_CHK / 8];
struct sockaddr whereto;
struct sockaddr_in whence;
int datalen = DEFDATALEN;
int s;
u_char outpackhdr[IP_MAXPACKET];
u_char *outpack = outpackhdr+sizeof(struct ip);
char BSPACE = '\b';
char DOT = '.';
char *hostname;
int ident;
long npackets;
long nreceived;
long nrepeats;
long ntransmitted;
double interval = 1;
int timing;
int maxwait = MAXWAIT_DEFAULT;
uint64 tmin = 999999999;
uint64 tmax = 0;
uint64 tsum = 0;
uint64 tsumsq = 0;
#ifdef SIGINFO
int reset_kerninfo;
#endif
#define DEFAULT_BUFSPACE 60*1024 /* default read buffer size */
int bufspace = DEFAULT_BUFSPACE;
void fill(char *, char *);
void catcher(int);
void prtsig(int);
void finish(int);
void summary(int);
int compute_in_cksum (u_short *, int);
void pinger(void);
char *pr_addr (in_addr_t);
int check_icmph (struct ip *);
void pr_icmph (struct icmp *);
void pr_pack (char *, int, struct sockaddr_in *);
void pr_retip (struct ip *);
void pr_iph(struct ip *ip);
uint64 qsqrt (uint64);
void usage(void);
static void err(int exitval, char *where)
{
printf("error: %s: error %d [%s]\n", where, errno, strerror(errno));
exit(exitval);
}
static void errx(int exitval, char *fmt_string, char *value)
{
printf("error: ");
printf(fmt_string, value);
printf("\n");
exit(exitval);
}
int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
struct timeval timeout;
struct hostent *hp;
struct sockaddr_in *to;
struct protoent *proto;
struct in_addr saddr;
int i;
int ch, hold = 1, packlen, preload;
int maxsize, fdmasks;
socklen_t maxsizelen;
u_char *datap, *packet;
char *target, hnamebuf[MAXHOSTNAMELEN];
u_char ttl = MAXTTL, loop = 1, df = 0;
int tos = 0;
#ifdef IP_OPTIONS
char rspace[3 + 4 * NROUTES + 1];
#endif
fd_set *fdmaskp;
if (!(proto = getprotobyname("icmp")))
err(1, "unknown protocol icmp");
if ((s = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_RAW, proto->p_proto)) < 0)
err(1, "socket");
preload = 0;
datap = &outpack[8 + sizeof(uint64)];
while ((ch = getopt(argc, argv, "DI:LRS:c:dfh:i:l:np:qrs:T:t:vw:")) != -1)
switch(ch) {
case 'c':
npackets = strtol(optarg, NULL, 0);
if (npackets <= 0)
errx(1, "bad number of packets to transmit: %s",
optarg);
break;
case 'D':
options |= F_HDRINCL;
df = -1;
break;
case 'd':
options |= F_SO_DEBUG;
break;
case 'f':
if (getuid())
errx(1, "%s", strerror(EPERM));
options |= F_FLOOD;
setbuf(stdout, (char *)NULL);
break;
case 'I':
case 'S':
if (inet_aton(optarg, &saddr) == 0) {
if ((hp = gethostbyname(optarg)) == NULL)
errx(1, "bad interface address: %s",
optarg);
memcpy(&saddr, hp->h_addr, sizeof(saddr));
}
options |= F_SADDR;
break;
case 'i':
interval = strtod(optarg, NULL);
if (interval <= 0 || interval >= INT_MAX)
errx(1, "bad timing interval: %s", optarg);
if (interval < 1)
if (getuid())
errx(1, "%s: only root may use interval < 1s", strerror(EPERM));
if (interval < 0.01)
interval = 0.01;
options |= F_INTERVAL;
break;
case 'L':
moptions |= MULTICAST_NOLOOP;
loop = 0;
break;
case 'l':
if (getuid())
errx(1, "%s", strerror(EPERM));
preload = strtol(optarg, NULL, 0);
if (preload < 0)
errx(1, "bad preload value: %s", optarg);
break;
case 'n':
options |= F_NUMERIC;
break;
case 'p':
options |= F_PINGFILLED;
fill((char *)datap, optarg);
break;
case 'q':
options |= F_QUIET;
break;
case 'R':
options |= F_RROUTE;
break;
case 'r':
options |= F_SO_DONTROUTE;
break;
case 's':
datalen = strtol(optarg, NULL, 0);
if (datalen <= 0)
errx(1, "bad packet size: %s", optarg);
if (datalen > MAXPAYLOAD)
errx(1, "packet size too large: %s", optarg);
break;
case 'T':
options |= F_HDRINCL;
tos = strtoul(optarg, NULL, 0);
if (tos > 0xFF)
errx(1, "bad tos value: %s", optarg);
break;
case 't':
options |= F_TTL;
ttl = strtol(optarg, NULL, 0);
if (ttl <= 0)
errx(1, "bad ttl value: %s", optarg);
if (ttl > 255)
errx(1, "ttl value too large: %s", optarg);
break;
case 'v':
options |= F_VERBOSE;
break;
case 'w':
maxwait = strtol(optarg, NULL, 0);
if (maxwait <= 0)
errx(1, "bad maxwait value: %s", optarg);
break;
default:
usage();
}
argc -= optind;
argv += optind;
if (argc != 1)
usage();
target = *argv;
memset(&whereto, 0, sizeof(struct sockaddr));
to = (struct sockaddr_in *)&whereto;
to->sin_len = sizeof(struct sockaddr_in);
to->sin_family = AF_INET;
if (inet_aton(target, &to->sin_addr) != 0)
hostname = target;
else {
hp = gethostbyname(target);
if (!hp)
errx(1, "unknown host: %s", target);
to->sin_family = hp->h_addrtype;
memcpy(&to->sin_addr, hp->h_addr, hp->h_length);
(void)strncpy(hnamebuf, hp->h_name, sizeof(hnamebuf));
hostname = hnamebuf;
}
if (options & F_FLOOD && options & F_INTERVAL)
err(1, "-f and -i options are incompatible");
if (datalen >= (int) sizeof(uint64))
timing = 1;
packlen = datalen + MAXIPLEN + MAXICMPLEN;
if (!(packet = (u_char *)malloc((u_int)packlen)))
err(1, "malloc");
if (!(options & F_PINGFILLED))
for (i = sizeof(bigtime_t); i < datalen; ++i)
*datap++ = i;
ident = getpid() & 0xFFFF;
if (options & F_SADDR) {
if (IN_MULTICAST(ntohl(to->sin_addr.s_addr)))
moptions |= MULTICAST_IF;
else {
memset(&whence, 0, sizeof(whence));
whence.sin_len = sizeof(whence);
whence.sin_family = AF_INET;
memcpy(&whence.sin_addr.s_addr, &saddr, sizeof(saddr));
if (bind(s, (struct sockaddr*)&whence,
sizeof(whence)) < 0)
err(1, "bind");
}
}
if (options & F_SO_DEBUG)
(void)setsockopt(s, SOL_SOCKET, SO_DEBUG, (char *)&hold,
sizeof(hold));
if (options & F_SO_DONTROUTE)
(void)setsockopt(s, SOL_SOCKET, SO_DONTROUTE, (char *)&hold,
sizeof(hold));
if (options & F_TTL) {
if (IN_MULTICAST(ntohl(to->sin_addr.s_addr)))
moptions |= MULTICAST_TTL;
else
options |= F_HDRINCL;
}
if (options & F_RROUTE && options & F_HDRINCL)
err(1, "-R option and -D or -T, or -t to unicast destinations"
" are incompatible");
if (options & F_HDRINCL) {
struct ip *ip = (struct ip*)outpackhdr;
setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IP, IP_HDRINCL, &hold, sizeof(hold));
ip->ip_v = IPVERSION;
ip->ip_hl = sizeof(struct ip) >> 2;
ip->ip_tos = tos;
ip->ip_id = 0;
ip->ip_off = htons(df?IP_DF:0);
ip->ip_ttl = ttl;
ip->ip_p = proto->p_proto;
ip->ip_src.s_addr = INADDR_ANY;
ip->ip_dst = to->sin_addr;
}
if (options & F_RROUTE) {
if (IN_MULTICAST(ntohl(to->sin_addr.s_addr)))
err(1, "record route not valid to multicast destinations");
#ifdef IP_OPTIONS
rspace[IPOPT_OPTVAL] = IPOPT_RR;
rspace[IPOPT_OLEN] = sizeof(rspace)-1;
rspace[IPOPT_OFFSET] = IPOPT_MINOFF;
if (setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IP, IP_OPTIONS, rspace,
sizeof(rspace)) < 0) {
perror("ping: record route");
exit(1);
}
#else
err(1, "record route not available in this implementation");
#endif
}
if ((moptions & MULTICAST_NOLOOP) &&
setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IP, IP_MULTICAST_LOOP, &loop,
sizeof(loop)) < 0)
err(1, "setsockopt IP_MULTICAST_LOOP");
if ((moptions & MULTICAST_TTL) &&
setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IP, IP_MULTICAST_TTL, &ttl,
sizeof(ttl)) < 0)
err(1, "setsockopt IP_MULTICAST_TTL");
if ((moptions & MULTICAST_IF) &&
setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IP, IP_MULTICAST_IF, &saddr,
sizeof(saddr)) < 0)
err(1, "setsockopt IP_MULTICAST_IF");
* When trying to send large packets, you must increase the
* size of both the send and receive buffers...
*/
maxsizelen = sizeof maxsize;
if (getsockopt(s, SOL_SOCKET, SO_SNDBUF, &maxsize, &maxsizelen) < 0)
err(1, "getsockopt");
if (maxsize < packlen &&
setsockopt(s, SOL_SOCKET, SO_SNDBUF, &packlen, sizeof(maxsize)) < 0)
err(1, "setsockopt");
* When pinging the broadcast address, you can get a lot of answers.
* Doing something so evil is useful if you are trying to stress the
* ethernet, or just want to fill the arp cache to get some stuff for
* /etc/ethers.
*/
while (setsockopt(s, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUF,
(void*)&bufspace, sizeof(bufspace)) < 0) {
if ((bufspace -= 1024) <= 0)
err(1, "Cannot set the receive buffer size");
}
if (bufspace < DEFAULT_BUFSPACE)
printf("Could only allocate a receive buffer of %i bytes (default %i)\n",
bufspace, DEFAULT_BUFSPACE);
if (to->sin_family == AF_INET)
(void)printf("PING %s (%s): %d data bytes\n", hostname,
inet_ntoa(*(struct in_addr *)&to->sin_addr.s_addr),
datalen);
else
(void)printf("PING %s: %d data bytes\n", hostname, datalen);
(void)signal(SIGINT, finish);
(void)signal(SIGALRM, catcher);
#ifdef SIGINFO
(void)signal(SIGINFO, prtsig);
#endif
while (preload--)
pinger();
if ((options & F_FLOOD) == 0)
catcher(0);
fdmasks = _howmany(s+1, NFDBITS) * sizeof(fd_mask);
if ((fdmaskp = (fd_set *)malloc(fdmasks)) == NULL)
err(1, "malloc");
for (;;) {
struct sockaddr_in from;
int cc;
socklen_t fromlen;
sigset_t omask, nmask;
if (options & F_FLOOD) {
pinger();
timeout.tv_sec = 0;
timeout.tv_usec = 10000;
memset(fdmaskp, 0, fdmasks);
FD_SET(s, fdmaskp);
if (select(s + 1, (fd_set *)fdmaskp, (fd_set *)NULL,
(fd_set *)NULL, &timeout) < 1)
continue;
}
fromlen = sizeof(from);
if ((cc = recvfrom(s, (char *)packet, packlen, 0,
(struct sockaddr *)&from, &fromlen)) < 0) {
if (errno == EINTR)
continue;
perror("ping: recvfrom");
continue;
}
sigemptyset(&nmask);
sigaddset(&nmask, SIGALRM);
sigprocmask(SIG_BLOCK, &nmask, &omask);
pr_pack((char *)packet, cc, &from);
sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, &omask, NULL);
if (npackets && nreceived >= npackets)
break;
}
free(fdmaskp);
finish(0);
exit(0);
}
* catcher --
* This routine causes another PING to be transmitted, and then
* schedules another SIGALRM for 1 second from now.
*
* bug --
* Our sense of time will slowly skew (i.e., packets will not be
* launched exactly at 1-second intervals). This does not affect the
* quality of the delay and loss statistics.
*/
void catcher(int sig)
{
int waittime;
int save_errno = errno;
pinger();
(void)signal(SIGALRM, catcher);
if (!npackets || ntransmitted < npackets)
(void)alarm((uint)interval);
else {
if (nreceived) {
waittime = 2 * tmax / 1000000;
if (!waittime)
waittime = 1;
} else
waittime = maxwait;
(void)signal(SIGALRM, finish);
(void)alarm((uint)waittime);
}
errno = save_errno;
}
* Print statistics when SIGINFO is received.
* XXX not race safe
*/
void prtsig(int sig)
{
int save_errno = errno;
summary(0);
errno = save_errno;
}
* pinger --
* Compose and transmit an ICMP ECHO REQUEST packet. The IP packet
* will be added on by the kernel. The ID field is our UNIX process ID,
* and the sequence number is an ascending integer. The first 8 bytes
* of the data portion are used to hold a UNIX "timeval" struct in VAX
* byte-order, to compute the round-trip time.
*/
void pinger(void)
{
struct icmp *icp;
int cc;
int i;
char *packet = outpack;
icp = (struct icmp *)outpack;
icp->icmp_type = ICMP_ECHO;
icp->icmp_code = 0;
icp->icmp_cksum = 0;
icp->icmp_seq = htons(ntransmitted++);
icp->icmp_id = ident;
CLR(ntohs(icp->icmp_seq) % mx_dup_ck);
if (timing) {
bigtime_t tm = real_time_clock_usecs();
memcpy(&outpack[8], &tm, sizeof(tm));
}
cc = datalen + 8;
icp->icmp_cksum = compute_in_cksum((u_short *)icp, cc);
if (options & F_HDRINCL) {
struct ip *ip = (struct ip*)outpackhdr;
packet = (char*)ip;
cc += sizeof(struct ip);
ip->ip_len = htons(cc);
ip->ip_sum = compute_in_cksum((u_short *)outpackhdr, cc);
}
i = sendto(s, (char *)packet, cc, 0, &whereto,
sizeof(struct sockaddr));
if (i < 0 || i != cc) {
if (i < 0)
perror("ping: sendto");
(void)printf("ping: wrote %s %d chars, ret=%d\n",
hostname, cc, i);
}
if (!(options & F_QUIET) && options & F_FLOOD)
(void)write(STDOUT_FILENO, &DOT, 1);
}
* pr_pack --
* Print out the packet, if it came from us. This logic is necessary
* because ALL readers of the ICMP socket get a copy of ALL ICMP packets
* which arrive ('tis only fair). This permits multiple copies of this
* program to be run without having intermingled output (or statistics!).
*/
void pr_pack(char *buf, int cc, struct sockaddr_in *from)
{
struct icmp *icp;
in_addr_t l;
u_int i, j;
u_char *cp, *dp;
static int old_rrlen;
static char old_rr[MAX_IPOPTLEN];
struct ip *ip, *ip2;
char *pkttime;
uint64 triptime = 0;
int hlen, hlen2, dupflag;
ip = (struct ip *)buf;
hlen = ip->ip_hl << 2;
if (cc < hlen + ICMP_MINLEN) {
if (options & F_VERBOSE)
printf("packet too short (%d bytes) from %s\n", cc,
inet_ntoa(*(struct in_addr *)&from->sin_addr.s_addr));
return;
}
cc -= hlen;
icp = (struct icmp *)(buf + hlen);
if (icp->icmp_type == ICMP_ECHOREPLY) {
if (icp->icmp_id != ident)
return;
++nreceived;
if (timing) {
bigtime_t tvi;
#ifndef icmp_data
pkttime = (char *)&icp->icmp_ip;
#else
pkttime = (char *)icp->icmp_data;
#endif
memcpy(&tvi, pkttime, sizeof tvi);
triptime = real_time_clock_usecs() - tvi;
tsum += triptime;
tsumsq += triptime * triptime;
if (triptime < tmin)
tmin = triptime;
if (triptime > tmax)
tmax = triptime;
}
if (TST(ntohs(icp->icmp_seq) % mx_dup_ck)) {
++nrepeats;
--nreceived;
dupflag = 1;
} else {
SET(ntohs(icp->icmp_seq) % mx_dup_ck);
dupflag = 0;
}
if (options & F_QUIET)
return;
if (options & F_FLOOD)
(void)write(STDOUT_FILENO, &BSPACE, 1);
else {
(void)printf("%d bytes from %s: icmp_seq=%u", cc,
inet_ntoa(*(struct in_addr *)&from->sin_addr.s_addr),
ntohs(icp->icmp_seq));
(void)printf(" ttl=%d", ip->ip_ttl);
if (timing)
(void)printf(" time=%d.%03d ms",
(int)(triptime / 1000),
(int)(triptime % 1000));
if (dupflag)
(void)printf(" (DUP!)");
cp = (u_char*)&icp->icmp_data[sizeof(bigtime_t)];
dp = &outpack[8 + sizeof(bigtime_t)];
for (i = 8 + sizeof(bigtime_t); (int) i < datalen;
++i, ++cp, ++dp) {
if (*cp != *dp) {
(void)printf("\nwrong data byte #%d should be 0x%x but was 0x%x",
i, *dp, *cp);
cp = (u_char*)&icp->icmp_data[0];
for (i = 8; (int) i < datalen; ++i, ++cp) {
if ((i % 32) == 8)
(void)printf("\n\t");
(void)printf("%x ", *cp);
}
break;
}
}
}
} else {
if (!(options & F_VERBOSE))
return;
ip2 = (struct ip *) (buf + hlen + sizeof (struct icmp));
hlen2 = ip2->ip_hl << 2;
if (cc >= hlen2 + 8 && check_icmph((struct ip *)(icp +
sizeof (struct icmp))) != 1)
return;
(void)printf("%d bytes from %s: ", cc,
pr_addr(from->sin_addr.s_addr));
pr_icmph(icp);
}
cp = (u_char *)buf + sizeof(struct ip);
for (; hlen > (int)sizeof(struct ip); --hlen, ++cp)
switch (*cp) {
case IPOPT_EOL:
hlen = 0;
break;
case IPOPT_LSRR:
(void)printf("\nLSRR: ");
hlen -= 2;
j = *++cp;
++cp;
i = 0;
if (j > IPOPT_MINOFF) {
for (;;) {
l = *++cp;
l = (l<<8) + *++cp;
l = (l<<8) + *++cp;
l = (l<<8) + *++cp;
if (l == 0)
(void)printf("\t0.0.0.0");
else
(void)printf("\t%s",
pr_addr(ntohl(l)));
hlen -= 4;
j -= 4;
i += 4;
if (j <= IPOPT_MINOFF)
break;
if (i >= MAX_IPOPTLEN) {
(void)printf("\t(truncated route)");
break;
}
(void)putchar('\n');
}
}
break;
case IPOPT_RR:
j = *++cp;
i = *++cp;
hlen -= 2;
if (i > j)
i = j;
i -= IPOPT_MINOFF;
if (i <= 0)
continue;
if ((int) i == old_rrlen
&& cp == (u_char *) buf + sizeof(struct ip) + 2
&& !memcmp(cp, old_rr, i)
&& !(options & F_FLOOD)) {
(void)printf("\t(same route)");
i = ((i + 3) / 4) * 4;
hlen -= i;
cp += i;
break;
}
if (i < MAX_IPOPTLEN) {
old_rrlen = i;
memcpy(old_rr, cp, i);
} else
old_rrlen = 0;
(void)printf("\nRR: ");
j = 0;
for (;;) {
l = *++cp;
l = (l<<8) + *++cp;
l = (l<<8) + *++cp;
l = (l<<8) + *++cp;
if (l == 0)
(void)printf("\t0.0.0.0");
else
(void)printf("\t%s", pr_addr(ntohl(l)));
hlen -= 4;
i -= 4;
j += 4;
if (i <= 0)
break;
if (j >= MAX_IPOPTLEN) {
(void)printf("\t(truncated route)");
break;
}
(void)putchar('\n');
}
break;
case IPOPT_NOP:
(void)printf("\nNOP");
break;
default:
(void)printf("\nunknown option %x", *cp);
hlen = hlen + cp[1] - 1;
cp = cp + cp[1] - 1;
break;
}
if (!(options & F_FLOOD)) {
(void)putchar('\n');
(void)fflush(stdout);
}
}
* compute_in_cksum --
* Checksum routine for Internet Protocol family headers (C Version)
*/
int
compute_in_cksum(addr, len)
u_short *addr;
int len;
{
int nleft = len;
u_short *w = addr;
int sum = 0;
u_short answer = 0;
* Our algorithm is simple, using a 32 bit accumulator (sum), we add
* sequential 16 bit words to it, and at the end, fold back all the
* carry bits from the top 16 bits into the lower 16 bits.
*/
while (nleft > 1) {
sum += *w++;
nleft -= 2;
}
if (nleft == 1) {
*(u_char *)(&answer) = *(u_char *)w ;
sum += answer;
}
sum = (sum >> 16) + (sum & 0xffff);
sum += (sum >> 16);
answer = ~sum;
return(answer);
}
void summary(int header)
{
(void)putchar('\r');
(void)fflush(stdout);
if (header)
(void)printf("--- %s ping statistics ---\n", hostname);
(void)printf("%ld packets transmitted, ", ntransmitted);
(void)printf("%ld packets received, ", nreceived);
if (nrepeats)
(void)printf("%ld duplicates, ", nrepeats);
if (ntransmitted) {
if (nreceived > ntransmitted)
(void)printf("-- somebody's printing up packets!");
else
(void)printf("%d%% packet loss",
(int) (((ntransmitted - nreceived) * 100) /
ntransmitted));
}
(void)putchar('\n');
if (nreceived && timing) {
uint64 num = nreceived + nrepeats;
uint64 avg = tsum / num;
uint64 dev = qsqrt(tsumsq / num - avg * avg);
(void)printf("round-trip min/avg/max/std-dev = "
"%d.%03d/%d.%03d/%d.%03d/%d.%03d ms\n",
(int)(tmin / 1000), (int)(tmin % 1000),
(int)(avg / 1000), (int)(avg % 1000),
(int)(tmax / 1000), (int)(tmax % 1000),
(int)(dev / 1000), (int)(dev % 1000));
}
}
uint64 qsqrt(uint64 qdev)
{
int64 y, x = 1;
if (!qdev)
return(0);
do {
y = x;
x = qdev / x;
x += y;
x /= 2;
} while ((x - y) > 1 || (x - y) < -1);
return (uint64) x;
}
* finish --
* Print out statistics, and give up.
*/
void finish(int sig)
{
(void)signal(SIGINT, SIG_IGN);
(void)signal(SIGALRM, SIG_IGN);
summary(1);
exit(nreceived ? 0 : 1);
}
#ifdef notdef
static char *ttab[] = {
"Echo Reply",
"Dest Unreachable",
"Source Quench",
"Redirect",
"Echo",
"Time Exceeded",
"Parameter Problem",
"Timestamp",
"Timestamp Reply",
"Info Request",
"Info Reply"
};
#endif
* pr_icmph --
* Print a descriptive string about an ICMP header.
*/
void
pr_icmph(icp)
struct icmp *icp;
{
switch(icp->icmp_type) {
case ICMP_ECHOREPLY:
(void)printf("Echo Reply\n");
break;
case ICMP_UNREACH:
switch(icp->icmp_code) {
case ICMP_UNREACH_NET:
(void)printf("Destination Net Unreachable\n");
break;
case ICMP_UNREACH_HOST:
(void)printf("Destination Host Unreachable\n");
break;
case ICMP_UNREACH_PROTOCOL:
(void)printf("Destination Protocol Unreachable\n");
break;
case ICMP_UNREACH_PORT:
(void)printf("Destination Port Unreachable\n");
break;
case ICMP_UNREACH_NEEDFRAG:
if (icp->icmp_nextmtu != 0)
(void)printf("frag needed and DF set (MTU %d)\n",
ntohs(icp->icmp_nextmtu));
else
(void)printf("frag needed and DF set\n");
break;
case ICMP_UNREACH_SRCFAIL:
(void)printf("Source Route Failed\n");
break;
case ICMP_UNREACH_NET_UNKNOWN:
(void)printf("Network Unknown\n");
break;
case ICMP_UNREACH_HOST_UNKNOWN:
(void)printf("Host Unknown\n");
break;
case ICMP_UNREACH_ISOLATED:
(void)printf("Source Isolated\n");
break;
case ICMP_UNREACH_NET_PROHIB:
(void)printf("Dest. Net Administratively Prohibited\n");
break;
case ICMP_UNREACH_HOST_PROHIB:
(void)printf("Dest. Host Administratively Prohibited\n");
break;
case ICMP_UNREACH_TOSNET:
(void)printf("Destination Net Unreachable for TOS\n");
break;
case ICMP_UNREACH_TOSHOST:
(void)printf("Desination Host Unreachable for TOS\n");
break;
case ICMP_UNREACH_FILTER_PROHIB:
(void)printf("Route administratively prohibited\n");
break;
case ICMP_UNREACH_HOST_PRECEDENCE:
(void)printf("Host Precedence Violation\n");
break;
case ICMP_UNREACH_PRECEDENCE_CUTOFF:
(void)printf("Precedence Cutoff\n");
break;
default:
(void)printf("Dest Unreachable, Unknown Code: %d\n",
icp->icmp_code);
break;
}
#ifndef icmp_data
pr_retip(&icp->icmp_ip);
#else
pr_retip((struct ip *)icp->icmp_data);
#endif
break;
case ICMP_SOURCEQUENCH:
(void)printf("Source Quench\n");
#ifndef icmp_data
pr_retip(&icp->icmp_ip);
#else
pr_retip((struct ip *)icp->icmp_data);
#endif
break;
case ICMP_REDIRECT:
switch(icp->icmp_code) {
case ICMP_REDIRECT_NET:
(void)printf("Redirect Network");
break;
case ICMP_REDIRECT_HOST:
(void)printf("Redirect Host");
break;
case ICMP_REDIRECT_TOSNET:
(void)printf("Redirect Type of Service and Network");
break;
case ICMP_REDIRECT_TOSHOST:
(void)printf("Redirect Type of Service and Host");
break;
default:
(void)printf("Redirect, Unknown Code: %d", icp->icmp_code);
break;
}
(void)printf("(New addr: %s)\n",
inet_ntoa(icp->icmp_gwaddr));
#ifndef icmp_data
pr_retip(&icp->icmp_ip);
#else
pr_retip((struct ip *)icp->icmp_data);
#endif
break;
case ICMP_ECHO:
(void)printf("Echo Request\n");
break;
(void)printf("Router Discovery Advertisement\n");
(void)printf("(%d entries, lifetime %d seconds)\n",
icp->icmp_num_addrs, ntohs(icp->icmp_lifetime));
break;
*/
break;
*/
case ICMP_TIMXCEED:
switch(icp->icmp_code) {
case ICMP_TIMXCEED_INTRANS:
(void)printf("Time to live exceeded\n");
break;
case ICMP_TIMXCEED_REASS:
(void)printf("Frag reassembly time exceeded\n");
break;
default:
(void)printf("Time exceeded, Unknown Code: %d\n",
icp->icmp_code);
break;
}
#ifndef icmp_data
pr_retip(&icp->icmp_ip);
#else
pr_retip((struct ip *)icp->icmp_data);
#endif
break;
case ICMP_PARAMPROB:
switch(icp->icmp_code) {
case ICMP_PARAMPROB_OPTABSENT:
(void)printf(
"Parameter problem, required option absent: pointer = 0x%02x\n",
ntohs(icp->icmp_hun.ih_pptr));
break;
default:
(void)printf("Parameter problem: pointer = 0x%02x\n",
ntohs(icp->icmp_hun.ih_pptr));
break;
}
#ifndef icmp_data
pr_retip(&icp->icmp_ip);
#else
pr_retip((struct ip *)icp->icmp_data);
#endif
break;
case ICMP_TSTAMP:
(void)printf("Timestamp\n");
break;
case ICMP_TSTAMPREPLY:
(void)printf("Timestamp Reply\n");
break;
case ICMP_IREQ:
(void)printf("Information Request\n");
break;
case ICMP_IREQREPLY:
(void)printf("Information Reply\n");
break;
#ifdef ICMP_MASKREQ
case ICMP_MASKREQ:
(void)printf("Address Mask Request\n");
break;
#endif
#ifdef ICMP_MASKREPLY
case ICMP_MASKREPLY:
(void)printf("Address Mask Reply (Mask 0x%08ld)\n",
(long)ntohl(icp->icmp_mask));
break;
#endif
default:
(void)printf("Unknown ICMP type: %u\n", icp->icmp_type);
}
}
* pr_iph --
* Print an IP header with options.
*/
void pr_iph(struct ip *ip)
{
int hlen;
u_char *cp;
hlen = ip->ip_hl << 2;
cp = (u_char *)ip + 20;
(void)printf("Vr HL TOS Len ID Flg off TTL Pro cks Src Dst Data\n");
(void)printf(" %1x %1x %02x %04x %04x",
ip->ip_v, ip->ip_hl, ip->ip_tos, ip->ip_len, ip->ip_id);
(void)printf(" %1x %04x", ((ip->ip_off) & 0xe000) >> 13,
(ip->ip_off) & 0x1fff);
(void)printf(" %02x %02x %04x", ip->ip_ttl, ip->ip_p, ip->ip_sum);
(void)printf(" %s ", inet_ntoa(*(struct in_addr *)&ip->ip_src.s_addr));
(void)printf(" %s ", inet_ntoa(*(struct in_addr *)&ip->ip_dst.s_addr));
while (hlen-- > 20) {
(void)printf("%02x", *cp++);
}
(void)putchar('\n');
}
* pr_addr --
* Return an ascii host address as a dotted quad and optionally with
* a hostname.
*/
char *
pr_addr(a)
in_addr_t a;
{
struct hostent *hp;
struct in_addr in;
static char buf[16+3+MAXHOSTNAMELEN];
in.s_addr = a;
if ((options & F_NUMERIC) ||
!(hp = gethostbyaddr((char *)&in.s_addr, sizeof(in.s_addr), AF_INET)))
(void)snprintf(buf, sizeof buf, "%s", inet_ntoa(in));
else
(void)snprintf(buf, sizeof buf, "%s (%s)", hp->h_name,
inet_ntoa(in));
return(buf);
}
* pr_retip --
* Dump some info on a returned (via ICMP) IP packet.
*/
void pr_retip(struct ip *ip)
{
int hlen;
u_char *cp;
pr_iph(ip);
hlen = ip->ip_hl << 2;
cp = (u_char *)ip + hlen;
if (ip->ip_p == 6)
(void)printf("TCP: from port %u, to port %u (decimal)\n",
(*cp * 256 + *(cp + 1)), (*(cp + 2) * 256 + *(cp + 3)));
else if (ip->ip_p == 17)
(void)printf("UDP: from port %u, to port %u (decimal)\n",
(*cp * 256 + *(cp + 1)), (*(cp + 2) * 256 + *(cp + 3)));
}
void
fill(bp, patp)
char *bp, *patp;
{
int ii, jj, kk;
int pat[16];
char *cp;
for (cp = patp; *cp; cp++)
if (!isxdigit(*cp))
err(1, "patterns must be specified as hex digits");
ii = sscanf(patp,
"%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x",
&pat[0], &pat[1], &pat[2], &pat[3], &pat[4], &pat[5], &pat[6],
&pat[7], &pat[8], &pat[9], &pat[10], &pat[11], &pat[12],
&pat[13], &pat[14], &pat[15]);
if (ii > 0)
for (kk = 0;
kk <= (int) (MAXPAYLOAD - (8 + sizeof(uint64) + ii));
kk += ii)
for (jj = 0; jj < ii; ++jj)
bp[jj + kk] = pat[jj];
if (!(options & F_QUIET)) {
(void)printf("PATTERN: 0x");
for (jj = 0; jj < ii; ++jj)
(void)printf("%02x", bp[jj] & 0xFF);
(void)printf("\n");
}
}
* when we get types of ICMP message with parts of the orig. datagram
* we want to try to assure ourselves that it is from this instance
* of ping, and not say, a refused finger connection or something
*/
int
check_icmph(iph)
struct ip *iph;
{
struct icmp *icmph;
if (iph->ip_v != 4)
return 0;
if (iph->ip_p != IPPROTO_ICMP)
return 0;
icmph = (struct icmp *) (iph + (4 * iph->ip_hl));
if (icmph->icmp_type != 8)
return 0;
if (icmph->icmp_hun.ih_idseq.icd_id != ident)
return 0;
return 1;
}
void
usage()
{
extern const char *__progname;
(void)fprintf(stderr,
"usage: %s [-DdfLnqRrv] [-c count] [-I ifaddr] [-i wait]\n"
"\t[-l preload] [-p pattern] [-s packetsize] [-t ttl]"
" [-w maxwait] host\n", __progname);
exit(1);
}
